Do you throw or twist?

[Ezgolfer]

I meant the teachers .

It is strange that anything related to throwing in golf swing was frowned upon . Golf swing was supposed to be pivot or core driven and arms were passive.

[Golfbeat]

The only teachers I know are Jim Hardy when teaching the RIT and recently Malaska and Manzella. Generally, in the mainstream "modern swing" the twist, shallowing the shaft and body driven power are still most widely being taught I would think.

[chipa]

Throwing the right hand through impact has been around for a long time, look at Bobby Jones and Ben Hogan.

[GreatStrike]

Excellent! I'm glad you are seeing good results right away. Like anything else new or different, the more you do it, the more accustomed to it you'll get...and the more confidence you'll have in it.

[GreatStrike]

I hope everybody is using their most suitable arm to primarily power and control their golf swing. Everybody is not the same.

Here is a list of items to provoke some thought:

• If you were told that you had to make certain to deliver a combination of two very important hand/wrist conditions (a flat or bowed left wrist & a bent-back right wrist) at impact and you could only use the strength and dexterity of just one (either left or right) to accomplish the assignment - would you use your left or your right?

• If a 3rd requirement to make certain some degree of appropriate shaft lean was added to the assignment - would your original choice of left or right change?

• If a 4th requirement to make certain a square clubface was added to the assignment - would your original choice of left or right change?

• If a 5th requirement to make certain that precise pinpoint sweet-spot contact was added to the assignment - would your original choice of left or right change?

• If a 6th requirement to make certain that ball-contact-before-turf was added to the assignment - would your original choice of left or right change?

• If a 7th requirement to make certain that the swing path never goes outside the target line was added to the assignment - would your original choice of left or right change?

• If an 8th requirement to make certain you kept your best balance was added to the assignment - would your original choice of left or right change?

• If a 9th requirement to produce the highest clubhead speed was added to the assignment - would your original choice of left or right change?

• If a 10th requirement to best control the ball trajectory was added to the assignment - would your original choice of left or right change?

In most cases your original choice (whichever it may be) will not change. However, some people may require to ponder a bit about some items on the list. Are you using the most suitable arm to primarily power and control your golf swing? And if not, why not?

 

[GreatStrike]

► This post is in response to a member's question I received asking to explain how the bent-back right wrist (as shown in the video cover heading and still picture below) can possibly be accurate when making an actual swing with a golf club.

How an expert golfer's hands, wrists and lower forearms move through impact is one of the most elusive and confounding things about the golf swing. The typical amateur golfer's lead wrist breaks down (extension) and the right wrist flips (flexion), whereas mysteriously the expert golfer is somehow able to get his wrists to roll swivel, pivot or twirl as a connected structured assembly and not become displaced. And he does it with ease. But how?

What you see in the video cover heading and still picture below is two different golf instructors showing their right wrist bent-back to the maximum down near about where impact would be. This can't possibly be right you say! What you are not envisioning or understanding about what they are illustrating is every bit as important as the bent-back right wrist condition itself. What they are illustrating is how the right forearm, wrist and hand needs to be conceptualized, or visualized mentally by the golfer, for the wrists to be able to swivel properly through the impact zone. It takes a bit of explaining for most people to grasp the concept.

If your right wrist was bent-back to the maximum and you were asked to unscrew the lid of a pickle jar held tightly between your feet, this 'palm down' position is how your forearm, wrist and hand would be formed. You would reach down with your right wrist fully bent-back and your palm facing the ground and twist the pickle jar's lid counterclockwise to the left. This is exactly the action you want when swinging a golf club - the only difference is, the golf club has a heavy clubhead way out on the end of its shaft and the club's weight and momentum will naturally take out a significant degree of that right wrist bend BUT will still retain enough wrist bend to perpetuate the right wrist (and of course the left wrist) to swivel through impact rather than to breakdown.

In the Eric Cogorno video (at 12:00) it shows him swinging a short iron after discussing the importance of the bent-back angle of the right wrist and how the palm faces down - and you can see how he overly emphasizes maintaining the bent-back, palm-down right wrist as he allows rotation of his right forearm (to unscrew the pickle jar lid). Of course the clubhead's weight and momentum is too much for him to maintain that maximum right wrist bend and BINGO - his wrists swivel beautifully through impact just as they should with a flat or slightly bowed lead wrist and plenty of shaft lean. While the angle of attack is still downward this wrist action levels out the angle of attack so the club doesn't dig too deep even when there is major shaft lean.

If you have been trying to 'roll' your forearms/wrists/hands unsuccessfully through impact using your lead arm/wrist/hand, it's no wonder your impact wrist action is doomed to fail. Give this a try. It could very well be a complete game changer for you!

Hopefully this all makes sense, and how it is done is now no longer a mystery for you. How many years and lessons from different instructors did you say you've struggled through before now being told how it's done? Hundreds of lessons from dozens of instructors over a period of almost 45 years!!! Go enjoy a better golf swing...

 

 

[GreatStrike]

Ben Hogan Principles: Palm Up Palm Down

At 5:20 in this video the instructor talks specifically about how the palm of the right hand faces down.

Unscrew the pickle jar!

When the right palm faces down and you allow the forearms and hands to do as they please they will swivel through impact and this action squares the blade, provides shaft lean, delofts the clubface and really compresses the ball.

[GreatStrike]

 

[Jerryheartsgolf]

This was very insightful. I usually don’t like AMG videos as they are very technical but I was messing around with some of the feels from other videos from this thread and felt my right hand moving very differently in the downswing. I then watched the AMG video and what Shaun describes as putting your right palm against the wall in the downswing was the perfect description for what I had felt earlier and I can definitely see how the club face is in such a strong position!

[PJ1120]

Hard to get your head around the right palm facing the ground.

[GreatStrike]

And that's exactly why the typical amateur golfer can't compress the golf ball very well and continues to flip, hit fat shots, slice and all those other bad things.

My first question would be - Have you tried it? It sounds like you probably haven't.

The best way to prove this to yourself is with a very lofted club off a range mat - because it's easy for most golfers to hit a lofted iron and when hitting off a range mat you won't have to worry about the lie or gouging into the turf.

With a lofted club make sure you have maximum right wrist bend and have your right palm face the ground (as best you can) as the club moves into impact. You're looking to hit half shots to get a feel for what happens. While attempting to retain the majority of your right wrist bend you should feel your forearm/wrist/hand rotate or twist about a ¼ turn (which of course your left forearm/wrist/hand will follow). If your grip pressure is too tight, or your arm tension is too high, you may want to coerce it a bit at first. What you're looking to feel and see is how the right forearm/wrist/hand rotates or twists the clubhead from being open and facing downward toward the target line at thigh high to where (at impact) the clubhead has squared up, and the clubhead has twisted practically level (not a sharp AoA or gouging) and there is plenty of shaft lean which delofts the clubface. Making partial swings is what you want.

Your goal is to multi-task - (1) retain a large degree of the right wrist bend through impact, (2) have lot's of shaft lean at impact where the clubface is delofted, (3) try to hit really low shots with a high lofted short iron, (4) have the right forearm/wrist/hand twist the clubhead level through impact so it strikes the ball with very little or no downward AoA or low point.

With reference to #4 (above) - how many times have you wondered how expert players were able to have significant shaft lean yet not dig deeply into the turf post-impact - or have significant shaft lean yet hardly disturb the sand in shots from a fairway bunker - or have significant shaft lean yet just barely scrap the soggy turf in soupy wet conditions. Now you know!

As you get the feel for it you will become aware that the ball's trajectory is lower (more boring and holding a tighter line) and carrying lots of spin because you are squeezing or compressing the golf ball more than ever before. You will learn that hitting down on the ball is not what you want, but your newfound right palm down with your right wrist bend and a twist accomplishes retaining the desirable shaft lean and also keeps the clubhead from gouging into the turf (either short of the ball or fat, or digging out huge chunks of turf after impact which is worthless) while delofting the club. In other words you'll be able to nip the ball off hardpan with good shaft lean and rarely ever hit a fat shot.

As you gain confidence, and accept that it's what needs to be done, then you can move on up through your clubs using exactly the same concept. It'll be a game changer for you. You should pick up a lot of distance with a much better ball flight. You'll be wearing a big smile!

 

[GreatStrike]

I understand. We all have different ways of conceptualizing (mentally visualizing or accepting) various things, especially when it comes to the golf swing. As Ben Hogan once said; 'Reverse every natural instinct and do the opposite of what you are inclined to do, and you will probably come very close to having a perfect golf swing.'

Some people may want to experiment with pursuing to hit the 'outside' quadrant of the golf ball once the clubshaft gets parallel to the ground (P6). Whatever it takes to (1) retain right wrist bend and have the (2) right palm and the (3) clubface point or face downward toward the target line when the hands get in front of the right thigh. I'm sure there have been many wild and crazy concepts attempted in an effort to trick one's body to do something in the beginning before the action is proven and starts feeling natural.

 

[Golfbeat]

When I see that picture I say to myself: "How on earth will he get the club squared up from there?! It should go miles to the right.

[PJ1120]

This example definitely shows the right wrist bent back but it's not pointing towards the ground. If it doesn't twist does the weight of the club head in space cause the flip?

[glk]

 

[moehogan]

Unfortunately, “palm down” intent at delivery (P6) in and of itself will not provide a guarantee against the scoop flip. Anyone going all in on dominant trail side control needs to learn how to pressure the lead thumb with the base of the right palm pad (PP#1) correctly though the hitting zone to achieve proper compression on the ball.

http://youtu.be/GXPWwlB9WFoMany great strikers actually had their trail palm facing the caddy at P6 and went through impact with a combination of pivot and approximately 90* of forearm rotation driven by PP#1.

How you limit the forearm rotation until the finish swivel happens in the follow through is a whole other discussion. ?

 

 

[GreatStrike]

Well, he surely isn't 'rolling' his hands over to square the clubface, which is typical with most amateur golfers. When the typical amateur golfer tries to 'roll' his hands to square the clubface it requires him to release way early, which (1) throws the club outward over the target line, (2) totally destroys the lag angle and any chance of having good clubhead speed, and (3) since he had to release so early his clubhead is likely going to pass his hands and cause a flip and maybe a fat shot.

What allows the expert golfer to 'easily' have his clubface square up at impact has everything to do with his right wrist. If there was ever a trick for an effective, efficient golf swing it is with the right wrist - and this is true whether you primarily use the lead arm for power and control or primarily use the right arm for power and control. The right wrist absolutely must be bent-back in the downswing. But that's not all. The golfer must figure out (by either using his right forearm/wrist/hand or his left arm forearm/wrist/hand) how he is going to (1) get his clubface to point down at his target line while (2) retaining that right wrist bend when his hands get to his right thigh. If he can accomplish those two things then there is a beautiful anatomical release that happens, perpetuated by the club's weight and momentum. This happens because of the right wrist being bent-back, but when the clubface is pointed down at the target line the right palm is also pointing down in the same direction. It can only happen if the right wrist is bent-back - otherwise the golfer will do whatever he thinks is necessary in an attempt to square his clubface, which is to roll his hands and/or flip the clubhead. The clubface must point downward toward the target line for something wonderful to happen. More on that later!

Take a 5 iron in just your right hand using a proper right-hand grip. Put 45° of bent-back extension in your right wrist. Now casually swing it slowly back-and-forth where the clubshaft doesn't get past parallel with the ground. Doing this little experiment one way is wrong, and doing it another way is correct. Let's talk about the wrong way first. In the downswing when you get the hands to the right thigh, if your clubface is (a) open or the clubhead's leading edge is in-plane (not pointing down at the target line) and you have decided it's best to (b) keep your right palm pad (i.e. lifeline) moving toward the target the club's weight and momentum will naturally want to get rid of the wrist bend and the clubhead will flip or pass the hands. This (a & b) is what happens with the typical amateur golfer's hand action through the ball.

Now then, let's do it the right way - with just a little different approach you [hopefully] will see a totally different hand action take place. This is due to a change in position or orientation of your forearm/wrist as well as a change in the position or orientation of the clubhead. With your 5 iron, put 45° of bent-back extension in your right wrist. Now casually swing it again slowly back-and-forth where the clubshaft doesn't get past parallel with the ground. But this time your clubface MUST NOT BE OPEN, the clubface MUST point downward a good bit toward your target line as you retain the bent-back condition of your right wrist, AND your right palm pad (i.e. lifeline) should be allowed to rotate, spin or twist instead of just keeping the lifeline moving toward your target. (After the imaginary impact position you should see your palm rotate, spin or twist to face toward the ground and the back of your [still bent-back] right hand rotate to point skyward with still some extension remaining in the wrist. (The position your right forearm, wrist and hand should look like you have reached far to your left to unscrew a screw in the wall located in front of your left shoulder with a screwdriver in your right hand.) What you should experience through your imaginary impact zone (due to the bent-back right wrist and the clubface pointing downward) is that the club's weight and momentum will naturally rotate or twist or spin or twirl the right forearm/wrist/hand without breaking down the wrist bend in your right wrist. While the wrist bend itself is a must, what actually perpetuates the proper hand action (and the wrist bend not breaking down) and the rotation/twisting action is actually where the clubface is pointing, which MUST be pointing downward toward the target line. But why is it so important that the clubface be pointing down toward the target line for my hand action to work properly? Here we go...

In the downswing when the golf club's leading edge is square with the swing plane the clubface is essentially open, or square to that plane. When the clubface is open (a.k.a. square to the plane) the clubhead's sweet spot is actually hidden directly behind the hosel as the clubhead is swung in its downswing plane arc or its orbit line. (It's like a water skier skiing directly behind the ski boat, where the skier or the load provides the least amount of resistance for the boat.) When the clubhead's sweet spot is hidden directly behind the hosel it does not want to react the same as when the sweet spot is not aligned directly behind the hosel. In other words, when the clubface is somewhat closed the sweet spot is no longer hidden directly behind the hosel from forces during the downswing, and this changes everything! (It's like a water skier that skis off to one side of the ski boat's travel direction, which now creates a significant degree of resistance and tension for the boat.) It's much like the feeling you have when swinging a weight around on the end of a string. There's a significant degree of resistance or tension felt due to the weight wanting to move outward in a different direction than the circular arc the string is moving. In the golf swing we call this the feeling or the sensation of LAG! When you feel lag it's a sensation that the clubhead or the lower half of the club is being held back, or lagging the handle end. For some people the sensation is that the shaft is bending under significant strain. It's an elusive feeling for most amateur golfers and very fleeting and mysterious. For most golfers it's next to impossible to recreate even at the range when another ball can be struck in a matter of just a few seconds. For the expert golfer with a sound golf swing it's something that he or she counts on to confirm they are swinging in good form. There's a technique needed to acquire lag. It's foundation is the bent-back right wrist, which nothing happens without it. Supplement the bent-back right wrist with a good dose of sweet spot (clubface pointing at target line) from its hiding place behind the hosel and you have the mixture for success.

As I said, when the sweet spot is hidden directly behind the hosel you won't feel the sensation of the sweet spot (lag) resistance, and it's highly unlikely your hand action will work properly. One thing that some golfers have found is that when the ball is above their feet they will oftentimes experience good hand action and the sensation of lag in their swing. When this happens the most logical reason is because when most (not all) amateur golfers make their swing when the ball is above the feet their clubface is more likely to face downward toward their target line which places the clubhead's sweet spot out from behind the hosel. Also, most (not all) golfers will have more of a tendency to retain some wrist bend in their right wrist when the ball is above their feet.

 

[GreatStrike]

I don't particularly like to address 'positions' per se, but I'd say that his swing position is in the process of where his hands are nearing his right thigh, and as such he is moving actively toward having the palm of his right hand and his clubface pointing toward his target line. I'd say he's feeling a goodly amount of lag resistance at that stage of his downswing and his job is to sustain it as long as he can, which is accomplished by turning that clubface toward the target line and exposing that sweet spot to the forces. It doesn't get any better than that!

Keep in mind that the longer the club is, the more it will takeout the right wrist bend through impact...and the straight-faced clubs won't point so distinctly down at the target line as would be the case when swinging a lofted iron. This is only natural because you don't want a huge amount of shaft lean on straight-faced clubs.

To specifically answer your question about "If it doesn't twist does the weight of the club head in space cause it to flip?", I have addressed the cause in my previous post (in the 3rd paragraph).

 

[Golfbeat]

I did your experiment and found out that it only works if my lead shoulder is actively (almost aggressively) rotating away from the target line and then back and down (at least it feels down). This might be because there is some wear and tear in my lead shoulder and it does not move so smoothly anymore. Maybe for people with a healthy lead shoulder this happens more naturally.

[GreatStrike]

If you will check again the experiment is to be done with the trail arm only. The lead side (arm or shoulder) is irrelevant and was never to be part of the experiment. The action is with the right forearm and the wrist - from the elbow down. Take a 5 iron in just your right hand using a proper right-hand grip. 

[GreatStrike]

If you want to feel the sensation of lag, and realize all the tremendous benefits it provides, you have get the sweet spot out from its hiding place behind the hosel. To do that the clubface MUST point downward a good bit toward your target line as you retain the bent-back condition of your right wrist.

Or as Brian Manzella has said; STOP 'LAGGING THE HOSEL' by ROTATING the SWEET SPOT OFF of the plane.

[trilerian]

Here's a question. What if you don't "open" the pickle jar that well? Forearm rotation is an issue for me and it doesn't happen until after impact. For this reason I play a strong grip to keep the face square to the plane. Eventually the rotation does happen and I get the club over my left shoulder on the follow through. Is this something I should really worry about? I get that I will loose a little speed, but other than that?

[Golfbeat]

I understand but eventually you will have to swing with the lead arm on the club. I think that many people understand the correct movement of the trail arm but the lead arm seems to hinder a free flowing swing in many cases because it does not move fast enough or on the correct plane. If the lead arm will not "get out of the way" it can ruin the good intentions of the trail arm.

[GreatStrike]

The 'open the pickle jar' action of the right forearm comes about without much intentional effort. It's more a matter of 'allowing' or 'letting' it happen. If you have the strength and dexterity to unscrew a 2" long wood screw with a screwdriver in your right hand then you're golden. The forearm rotation takes place pretty much on its own as long as the right wrist retains a significant degree of wrist bend and the clubface and right palm is pointed downward toward the target line...or to put it in different words - stop lagging the hosel, or get the sweet spot out from behind the hosel, or rotate the sweet spot off of the swing plane. Those two things (right wrist bent-back & pointing the clubface and right palm downward toward the target line once the hands get near the right thigh) sets the stage for the forearm/wrist rotation through impact to take place without any (or much) effort necessary. If your arms are tense or you have a death grip on the club then that will of course will impede or prevent the rotation from happening.

I suggest you start off with a lofted iron and hit shots only about 30-40 yards to get used to what actually takes place due to the right wrist bend and turning the sweet spot off the plane. Get a feel for how your wrist and hands work a bit differently than you are used to them behaving. See the results of how the clubface squares up so easily. See the results of what shaft lean will do - like hitting a boring 56° sand wedge 10 feet high carrying 6,000 rpms of spin. See the results of how the clubhead has a long level path through the impact zone that hardly disturbs the turf. If you go directly into hitting full 5 irons and drivers you aren't doing yourself any favors and you aren't going to learn much. Also, keep in mind that the shorter the club the more shaft lean you can select, and the more shaft lean you elect to have the more the clubface and palm will look downward toward the target line.

[trilerian]

I'm not having issues with the wrist hinge, but I have always had issues with the rotation. The wrist hinge is great and I am pretty sure I am getting shaft lean with it. Last week I was on a trackman and launching my 7i at 17*. Not quite tour worthy, but much better than 20-21* which is where I was a few years ago. It's the rotation that doesn't happen, it's like my lead arm stops it.

[GreatStrike]

That's where the golfer needs to figure out which arm (side) is best to put 'in charge' of primarily providing the swing's power and control. If your lead arm won't 'get out of the way' then I'd say your lead arm needs to be tamed. If your lead arm hand 'hinders a free-flowing swing' and it wants to move the golf club off in a different direction than the direction your trail hand wants to move the golf club, then you have some work to get both hands willing to move the club in the same correct direction. Do you remember my suggestion about putting a golf shaft or alignment stick in each hand so they are parallel to one another and separate them by 6 inches, and slowly making a golf swing to see if both hands are directing the shafts in the same direction and remain parallel? It sounds like you have one arm or hand that is not wanting to give up control or it is wanting to move the club in a different direction than your other arm or hand. Can you imagine if one leg wanted to take you to the right as the other leg wanted to take you to the left? That's not good! You need to figure that out before moving ahead. First things first...

[GreatStrike]

Your trajectory is coming down, so that's good as long as you are making good contact and compressing the ball better. You did not mention anything about your ball flight in terms of the clubface being square (push draw, push fade, pull hook, etc., etc.) so I don't know what problem your lack of rotation is actually causing. Also, you didn't mention if you are compressing the ball more (better) than before. Also, are you experiencing lag, and if so is it greater than before?

You have moved beyond hitting a high lofted iron just 40-50 yards, so you are going to be experiencing the need to sustain the lag and the strain of squaring the clubface whereas with just small short shots it wasn't an issue. If you are just 'allowing' or 'letting' your right forearm to rotate with a full swing it's probably not going to happen as you pick up the pace and add some heat. Then again maybe one or both arms are too tense? That's something I can't determine.

In the short swings with lofted clubs (to get started) just allowing the rotation to happen is usually all that's needed as long as you have right wrist bend and are pointing the clubface and right palm downward toward the target line. However, now that you are taking full swings (and turning the sweet spot out from behind the hosel by pointing the clubface and palm downward to point toward the target line) you can expect to experience much greater forces that you need to deal with. The more lag pressure you have the harder it is to sustain it deep into the downswing. It's one of those things that you want as much of it (lag) as you can get, but it takes a lot of effort to sustain it. (You've seen the strained look on faces of the tour pros.) If you are someone that didn't have any or much lag before and now you have a fair amount of lag it will likely be pretty darn taxing for you to sustain it. This is good! The reason why is because the sweet spot wants to go back into hiding behind the hosel, while at the same time you know you need to keep up (sustain) the lag pressure and square that blade. It's a wonderful problem to have!

If what I'm describing is somewhat close to what you are experiencing, or the the sensation of what you are feeling, then congratulations because you are on the right track and you will work into being able to handle the lag pressure.

If your lead arm doesn't want to play nice you may need to back-off on what you are asking of it. Maybe you have seen the old video of Mike Austin replacing his lead arm with a rope to show that his lead arm supplied no power, speed or energy, but merely just a radius control measure. I'm not suggesting that replace your lead arm with a rope, but you can sure roll back the authority it has 'if' you think it is hindering your ability to rotate the right forearm/wrist/hand through impact. Your left arm should follow the lead of your right...unless you are so used to the left arm doing most of the work to provide power and control. Then, you must decide which arm is best to primarily provide that power and control.

[MPStrat]

“Getting the sweet spot out of it’s hiding place” is probably the best description I’ve heard. That’s excellent.

I think many don’t realize how much you have to twist and how early you have to twist to get it out of the hiding spot. Also I believe most long time slappers would immediately think they’re going to hook the daylights out of it. And they likely would.

[trilerian]

Primary ball flight is a high push draw with irons, 5-10 yds. My typical miss is a block. I can hit push draws all the way up to my 5w. I don’t hit my 3w much because it is too inconsistent. My driver tends to be a push/ push fade. I’ll go back and work on short wedges trying to get the feel of the rotation. I have a very good idea of what I am trying to achieve, thanks to what you have posted. The release has been the most difficult part of the swing to truly grasp.

[GreatStrike]

Thanks for the kind words concerning my off-the-cuff description - 'getting the sweet spot out of its hiding place'.

I have found that getting the sweet spot out of its hiding place (from being aligned directly behind the hosel when the clubface is square to the swing plane) to acquire lag pressure depends a good amount on one's grip, how they set their wrists, whether there is any additional down-cocking, etc. The players that have a somewhat closed clubface at the top will start out with the sweet spot already exposed in contrast to someone that is square to the plane at the top. Then you have the closed-to-open players. If that's not enough you have those players that prefer a weakish left hand grip plus a little cup in their lead wrist at the top which creates a totally different set of circumstances (plural) in what they must do during the downswing in terms of timing and getting all those parts and angles sorted out to acquire lag pressure and to square the face. It's more than I care to even think about! But, you're absolutely right that 'most long time slappers' would think they're going to take out their left ankle. And some likely would, because most have no idea how far toward their left thigh the wrist action actually takes place, especially with short irons with significant shaft lean...which brings to mind the baton twirl video from Shawn Clement.

Shawn Clement has a video that I find very amusing to the point that most people can't accept it at first, which happens to be true with a lot of things pertaining to the golf swing. Shawn has a little baton that he twirls with a forearm and wrist action (not in his fingers) to demonstrate the proper forearm and wrist action through impact. When I first saw the action I thought to myself; 'Now that is really cool and will blow the minds of a lot of people because they have no idea the forearm and wrist action of a sound swing should resemble twirling a baton - and also they have no idea just how far toward the left thigh (due to shaft lean) the wrist action actually takes place. Most amateur golfers thinks wrist action happens in front of their zipper, and they are under the impression (oftentimes a strong but incorrect opinion) that the hands and wrists 'roll' through the impact zone, which to a large extent is why the typical amateur golfer doesn't improve beyond a certain point. Here's the video: